Environmental specimen bank: Long time series of more than 333,000 samples from terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. These high-quality collections are of immense value for molecular analyses and extraction of chemical compounds for ecotoxicological and related studies.

Fossil plants: More than 250,000 specimens consisting of macro-, meso- and microfossils. Particularly important collections from China, Sweden, and polar regions. H.J. Schweitzer collection containing approx. 10,000 specimens from Iran, Afghanistan, Bear Island, Germany and many other remote localities.

Fossil animals: Of an estimated 900,000 items, about half are from Sweden, and most of the remainder from Europe (incl. the Arctic islands of Spitsbergen, Bear Island, Novaya Zemlya and Vaigach).

Vascular plants: Over 3 million specimens, >52,000 types registered to date. Large and unique collections from areas with a high level of biodiversity (e.g., South America and the Caribbean [Herbarium Regnellianum], South Africa). Historical Swartz collections (also covering non-vascular plants). 50,000 pollen and spore slides.

Non-vascular plants & fungi: 1.53 million specimens, including more than 50,000 primary types. Significant lichen collection from S America (G. Malme, R. Santesson). One of the largest bryophyte herbaria worldwide with >715,000 specimens.

Vertebrates: Important and unique material from all continents comprising 163,000 bird, 51 000 mammal, more than 500,000 fish and 50,000 reptile and amphibian specimens.

Invertebrates: Over 580,000 lots of which the mollusc collection, 300,000 lots, is particularly strong in material from high latitude areas and also from hydrothermal vents.

Insects, spiders and myriapods: 3 million specimens of a broad systematic and geographic coverage, and including very valuable historical collections (e.g., De Geer).

Minerals: 180,000 catalogued (digital database) specimens. Rich collections from the famous Långban mines (25,000 samples).